Atomic Nucleus Laboratory

The Atomic Nucleus Laboratory is one of three laboratories of the Lebedev Physical Institute, on the basis of which the Institute of Nuclear Research was created, and was formed as part of the Physical Institute named after. P.N. Lebedev of the USSR Academy of Sciences on April 1, 1946, under the leadership of Ilya Mikhailovich Frank (1908-1990) - academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate.

In those years, the atomic problem posed a number of new and difficult problems for neutron physics and low-energy nuclear physics, the solution of some of which was entrusted to the atomic nuclear laboratory. For completing these tasks, the laboratory staff received state awards: 7 people became laureates of the Stalin Prize, 11 employees received orders, 10 received medals. After the completion of work on the atomic problem in 1954, the main place began to be occupied by research on low-energy nuclear physics, which was a natural development of research related to the atomic problem.

In 1971, a very significant event occurred in the life of the atomic nuclear laboratory: it became part of the newly formed Institute of Nuclear Research. In this regard, the period after 1971 is characterized by the development of research in the field of intermediate energy nuclear physics. In particular, proposals were developed for a research program for nucleon-nucleon and nucleon-nucleus interactions at the INR meson factory, installations were manufactured and experiments began on neutron and proton beams at the MMF; Theoretical studies have been carried out on the interaction of intermediate-energy nucleons and pions with nuclei, and the production of pions in nucleon-nucleon collisions.

During these years, famous scientists worked in the laboratory and conducted research in the following areas.

Detailed measurements of the dt-reaction cross section under the guidance of I.Ya. Barita.

F.L. Shapiro, A.A. Bergman et al. created an original neutron spectrometer based on the moderation time in lead (RMT) and measured nuclear constants on it.

Nuclear research using the photoemulsion method and work on the creation and production of nuclear photoemulsions was carried out by G.E. Belovitsky and others.

A.V. Stepanov developed a general analytical theory of the passage of neutrons through inhomogeneous media. The general theory equation obtained in these works was used to study heterogeneous systems with an arbitrary structure, which is not only of scientific, but also of significant applied interest in the theory of nuclear reactors.

A method for calculating cross sections for inelastic neutron scattering in crystals and methods for obtaining and storing ultracold neutrons were proposed by M.V. Kazarnovsky, A.V. Stepanov.

Comprehensive studies of elastic and inelastic scattering of neutrons on nuclei were carried out under the leadership of V.I. Popov.

Questions of the theory of interaction of pions, nucleons, antinucleons and nuclei with nuclei were developed by G.M. Vagradov et al., the eikonal expansion method was used to calculate the total cross sections and reaction cross sections using the optical model for the interaction of resonant pions and kaons with nuclei V.P. Zavarzina, V.A. Sergeev and others;

The development of electronics for nuclear research was carried out by the laboratory's electronics group under the leadership of I.V. Shtranikha.

The search for ultra-narrow dibaryon resonances at the Moscow Meson Factory of the Institute for Nuclear Research (INR RAS) was carried out under the leadership of E.S. Konobeevsky

Experimental and theoretical studies of the interaction of nucleons with few-nucleon systems and light nuclei were carried out by E.S. Konobeevsky, M.V. Mordovskaya, S.V. Zuev, A.A. Kasparov, Yu.M. Burmistrov, S.I. Potashev et al.

The concept of partial individual protection from combined exposure and requirements for materials and personal protective equipment (PPE) were formulated, which for the first time in the world were implemented in special protective clothing for firefighters guarding nuclear power plants, type SZO-1. Since 2006, a set of clothing for firefighters of the “RZK” type has been put into operation (TU 8570-047-38996367-2004). Work by B.A. Benetsky and others were awarded the Ministry of Emergency Situations award for the development and development of production of emergency insulating suits for extinguishing fires and eliminating accidents when exposed to ionizing radiation and aggressive environments.

The main directions of scientific activity of LAYA:

• Study of the interaction of nucleons with few-nucleon systems and light nuclei.
• Study of the structure and mechanisms of interaction of weakly bound nuclei with nuclei at medium energies.
• Study of the interaction of low-energy neutrons with nuclei with excitation of collective degrees of freedom.

• Development of environmental control methods, study of radiation injuries and creation of personal protective equipment.
• Development of nuclear physical methods of non-destructive testing using sources of fast and thermal neutrons.
• Development of equipment for recording charged particles and neutrons.