When the INR RAS was created, it included the Neutrino laboratory formed at the Lebedev Physical Institute, where two outstanding theoretical scientists found no less outstanding experimentalists to implement the neutrino research program. This program was naturally divided into two directions: solar neutrinos under the general leadership of Georgiy Timofeevich Zatsepin and atmospheric neutrinos and muons with the leader Alexander Evgenievich Chudakov. The department was named the Department of High Energy Leptons and Neutrino Astrophysics (OLVENA), four laboratories naturally arose: the laboratory of radiochemical methods for detecting neutrinos, hands.
Vladimir Nikolaevich Gavrin; laboratory of electronic methods of neutrino detection, hands. Olga Georgievna Ryazhskaya (1941–2021); laboratory of high energy leptons, hands. A.E. Chudakov (1921–2001), and the laboratory of neutrino astrophysics, the head of which was G.T. Zatsepin (1917–2010), being at the same time the head of the department. This structure of the department has been preserved to this day, although much has changed even in the research topics, not to mention the scientific and technical personnel. In addition, a neutrino station was also spun off from the Neutrino laboratory, the first director of which was Alexander Aleksandrovich Pomansky. The Neutrino Station quite soon received the status of an independent department of the Institute and subsequently became known as the Baksan Neutrino Observatory Branch.